From 6b6b1f632f4eff074e2d9e3ec4353a3f650c7033 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Administrator Date: Thu, 7 May 2026 00:37:00 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] docs: create Thesis/Master_Thesis_V2/Vessel_search --- Thesis/Master_Thesis_V2/Vessel_search.md | 181 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 181 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Thesis/Master_Thesis_V2/Vessel_search.md diff --git a/Thesis/Master_Thesis_V2/Vessel_search.md b/Thesis/Master_Thesis_V2/Vessel_search.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b309e21 --- /dev/null +++ b/Thesis/Master_Thesis_V2/Vessel_search.md @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ +--- +title: Veseel search by claw +description: +published: true +date: 2026-05-07T00:36:57.380Z +tags: +editor: markdown +dateCreated: 2026-05-07T00:36:57.380Z +--- + +# Electric Propulsion Ships / Vessels Under 1MW + +## Overview + +This document surveys electric and hybrid-electric propulsion vessels with total propulsion power under 1 MW (≈ 1,341 hp). This power range covers the majority of small-to-medium commercial, recreational, and specialized marine vessels. + +--- + +## 1. Market Power-Segment Categorization + +The electric ship market is commonly segmented by propulsion power output. Multiple market research firms use the following standard breakdown: + +| Power Segment | Typical Applications | +|---|---| +| **< 75 kW** | Small recreational boats, dinghies, small patrol boats, canal boats | +| **75 – 150 kW** | Passenger ferries, water taxis, small workboats, tourism vessels | +| **151 – 745 kW** | Medium ferries, tugboats, fishing vessels, patrol vessels, OSVs | +| **746 – 7,560 kW** | Large ferries, offshore supply, cargo vessels, larger tugs | +| **> 7,560 kW** | Large ocean-going ships, cruise ships, container vessels | + +- **Source:** Grand View Research — [Electric Ship Market Report 2030](https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/electric-ship-market) +- **Source:** GMI Research — [Electric Ship Market 2020–2027](https://www.gmiresearch.com/report/electric-ship-market/) (segments: <75kW, 75–150 kW, 151–745 kW, 746–7,560 kW) +- **Source:** Precision Business Insights — [Electric Ship Market Report 2032](https://www.precisionbusinessinsights.com/market-reports/electric-ship-market) (segments: <75KW, 75–150 KW, 150–745 KW, 746–7560 KW, >7560 KW) +- **Source:** MarketsandMarkets — [Electric Ship Market 2032](https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/electric-ships-market-167955093.html) + +**Key Market Finding (GVR):** The *<75 kW* segment is expected to grow at the fastest CAGR (12.0%), while the *75–150 kW* segment led the global market in 2021 and is projected to maintain dominance through 2030. + +--- + +## 2. Vessel Type Categorization Under 1 MW + +### 2.1 By Propulsion System Type + +| Category | Description | Typical Power Range | +|---|---|---| +| **Fully Electric (Battery)** | Zero-emission, batteries as sole energy source | 10 – 750 kW | +| **Hybrid-Electric** | Diesel generator + battery, serial or parallel | 50 – 1,000 kW | +| **Plug-in Hybrid** | Shore charging + onboard generator backup | 50 – 500 kW | +| **Fuel Cell Electric** | Hydrogen/fuel cell primary or range extender | 50 – 500 kW | +| **Solar-Electric** | PV panels + battery, auxiliary propulsion | < 40 kW | + +### 2.2 By Operational Role (under 1 MW) + +1. **Small Passenger Ferries / Water Taxis** + - Short-route, frequent docking, opportunity charging + - Example: Nerthus ferry (Danfoss drives), Casco Bay Lines hybrid ferries + - Typical power: 50 – 400 kW + +2. **Harbor & Ship-Assist Tugs** + - High bollard pull, intermittent high-power bursts + - First US all-electric truckable tug: 26 ft, 300+ kW (two PM motors) + - Case study tug (Springer): 360 kW rated, 720 kW peak + - Typical power: 200 – 750 kW + +3. **Fishing Vessels** + - Hybrid configurations for fuel savings, silent operation + - Example: Selfa El-Max 1099 — 80 kW diesel gen + 135 kWh battery + - Typical power: 50 – 500 kW + +4. **Workboats / Utility Vessels** + - Harbour maintenance, survey, crew transfer + - Typical power: 50 – 400 kW + +5. **Patrol & Enforcement Vessels** + - Coast guard, police, border patrol + - Typical power: 75 – 500 kW + +6. **Recreational / Pleasure Boats** + - Day cruisers, sailboat auxiliary, luxury tenders + - Examples: X Shore Eelex 8000 (175 kW peak), Optima E10 (40 kW) + - Typical power: 10 – 200 kW + +7. **Small Cargo / Inland Waterway Vessels** + - Containerized battery solutions, short-range + - Example: China's "Three Gorges Hydrogen Boat No. 1" — 500 kW fuel cell + - Typical power: 200 – 750 kW + +--- + +## 3. Real Vessel Examples Under 1 MW + +| Vessel / Project | Type | Propulsion Power | Battery / Energy | References | +|---|---|---|---|---| +| **X Shore Eelex 8000** | Recreational | 175 kW peak / 145 kW continuous | — | [BoatTEST](https://boattest.com/article/20-electric-boats-choose) | +| **Selfa El-Max 1099** | Fishing | 80 kW (diesel gen) | 135 kWh battery | [Wikipedia: Electric boat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_boat) | +| **Optima E10** | Day cruiser | 40 kW | 2×63 kWh Kriesel batteries | [MBY](https://www.mby.com/features/best-electric-boats-116768) | +| **Small Truckable Tug (US)** | Harbor tug | 300+ kW (2× PM motors) | — | [WorkBoat](https://www.workboat.com/shipbuilding/designing-the-first-fully-electric-truckable-tug) | +| **Tugboat Case Study (Springer)** | Harbor tug | 360 kW rated / 720 kW peak | 518.4 kWh per operating mode | [Springer Nature Link](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_77) | +| **ENVGO NV1 Hydrofoil** | Leisure / Hydrofoil | 220 kW (2×110 kW) | — | [Plugboats](https://plugboats.com/high-performance-electric-hydrofoiling-leisure-boat/) | +| **FlyShark FS90 (Baywatt)** | Outboard motor | 48 kW | 56 kWh battery | [Baywatt](https://www.baywatt.com/collections/electric-outboard-motors) | +| **Three Gorges Hydrogen Boat No. 1** | Inland cargo | 500 kW (fuel cell) | Hydrogen fuel cell | [ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319924041430) | +| **E-Kotug Rotortug** | Harbor tug (hybrid) | Multiple Cat engines + electric | Hybrid config | [E-Mobility Engineering](https://www.emobility-engineering.com/ekotug-rotortug-powertrain/) | +| **Nerthus (Danfoss)** | Electric ferry | All-electric (specifics TBD) | Danfoss iC7 drives | [Danfoss](https://www.danfoss.com/en/campaigns/dds/electrification-in-marine/) | +| **Battery Steele (Casco Bay Lines)** | Hybrid ferry | Electric-diesel hybrid | — | [WorkBoat](https://www.workboat.com/senesco-marine-launches-hybrid-ferry-for-casco-bay-lines) | + +--- + +## 4. Classification Societies & Standards for Electric Propulsion + +### Major Classification Societies (IACS Members) + +| Society | Headquarters | Key Rules for Electric Propulsion | +|---|---|---| +| **DNV** (Det Norske Veritas) | Norway | DNVGL-RU-SHIP Pt.6 Ch.2 — Battery(Power), Battery(Safety) notations; AP notation for alternative propulsion | +| **ABS** (American Bureau of Shipping) | USA | Requirements for Hybrid Electric Power Systems for Marine and Offshore Applications (2024) | +| **LR** (Lloyd's Register) | UK | Rules for electrical and electronic installations, electric propulsion | +| **BV** (Bureau Veritas) | France | Marine & Offshore rules for electrification projects | +| **KR** (Korean Register) | South Korea | Electric propulsion system rules (domestic & international) | +| **CCS** (China Classification Society) | China | Rules for electric propulsion and hybrid systems | + +### Applicable Standards + +- **IEC 60092-501** — International standard for design, construction, and installation of electric propulsion systems (primary reference for all classification societies) +- **IEC 60092-101** through **-507** — Electrical installations in ships (series covering generation, distribution, protection, cables, etc.) +- **ISO 16315** — Small craft — Electric propulsion system +- **ISO 10088** — Fuel systems for small craft + +**References:** +- [DNV Rules for Classification of Ships](https://www.dnv.com/rules-standards/) +- [ABS Hybrid Electric Power Systems Requirements (PDF)](https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/rules-and-guides/current/conventional_ocean_service/319-requirements-for-hybrid-electric-power-systems-for-marine-and-offshore-applications-2024/319-hybrid-electric-power-systems-reqts-Apr24.pdf) +- [TandF: Regulatory improvement of marine EPS based on IEC and classification rules](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20464177.2024.2436725) — Compares IEC 60092-501 with KR, ABS, DNV, LR, BV rules +- [Bureau Veritas — Electrification of Marine Vessels](https://marine-offshore.bureauveritas.com/magazine/other-electric-vehicle-revolution-electrification-marine-vessels) + +--- + +## 5. Key Industry Players (Electric Propulsion Systems Under 1 MW) + +| Company | Product / Solution | Power Range | +|---|---|---| +| **Wärtsilä** | DC/AC hybrid systems, Low Loss Solution, full electric packages | 100 kW – multi-MW | +| **GE Vernova (Power Conversion)** | Commercial marine electric power & propulsion | LV & MV, all scales | +| **ABB** | Marine & ports electric propulsion, Azipod | 100 kW – multi-MW | +| **Siemens Energy** | SGM shaft generator/motor, BlueDrive Plus C | 100 kW – multi-MW | +| **Danfoss Drives** | iC7 series, Editron system | 10 kW – 1 MW | +| **Yanmar** | Marine commercial electric propulsion systems | 100 kW – 1 MW | +| **Fischer Panda** | Diesel electric drive systems for smaller vessels | 5 – 50 kW | +| **Torqeedo** | Electric outboards and inboards (Deep Blue, Cruise) | 1 – 100 kW | +| **Oceanvolt** | Electric inboard motors (ServoProp, SD system) | 6 – 50 kW | +| **ePropulsion** | I-Series, Navy series inboard motors | 10 – 40 kW | +| **Integrel Solutions** | E-Drive hybrid-electric system | 10 – 50 kW | +| **Transfluid** | EPS Marine system with Reverse gearbox | 11 – 700 kW | + +**References:** +- [Wärtsilä Electric Propulsion Systems](https://www.wartsila.com/marine/products/ship-electrification-solutions/electric-propulsion-systems) +- [GE Vernova Commercial Marine](https://www.gevernova.com/power-conversion/product-solutions/Commercial-Marine-Electric-Power-and-Propulsion) +- [Siemens Energy Marine](https://www.siemens-energy.com/global/en/home/products-services/product/electric-propulsion-and-drives.html) +- [Yanmar Marine Electric Propulsion](https://www.yanmar.com/us/marinecommercial/products/electricpropulsion/) +- [Fischer Panda Marine Electric Propulsion](https://fischerpanda.com/electric-propulsion/) +- [Leonardo DRS Electric Ship Propulsion](https://www.leonardodrs.com/what-we-do/products-and-services/electric-and-hybrid-electric-ship-propulsion-systems/) +- [Integrel E-Drive](https://integrelsolutions.com/integrel-e-drive/) +- [Transfluid EPS Marine](https://www.transfluid.eu/en/product/eps-marine-system/) + +--- + +## 6. Key Technical Observations (Sub-1 MW) + +1. **DC Distribution Dominance**: Most modern sub-1 MW electric propulsion systems use DC distribution (690 VDC or 400 VDC bus), enabling easier integration of batteries, renewable sources, and multi-level converters. + +2. **Low Voltage vs Medium Voltage**: Vessels under 1 MW almost exclusively use **low voltage** (≤ 1,000 VAC / ≤ 1,500 VDC). MV systems (>1 kV) are typically for 1 MW+ installations. + +3. **Battery Sizing**: Battery capacity for sub-1 MW vessels ranges from ~50 kWh (small ferries) to 1+ MWh (larger tugs). Opportunity charging at docking is standard for ferries. + +4. **Propulsion Motor Types**: Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are increasingly preferred for their high torque density and efficiency, especially in the sub-1 MW range. + +5. **Power Converter Trends**: Two-level converters are standard in most sub-1 MW installations, but **multi-level (3-level NPC/T-type) converters** are gaining traction for their improved efficiency and power quality — particularly relevant for this Master's thesis topic. + +6. **Regulatory Framework**: All electric propulsion installations under 1 MW must comply with classification society rules and IEC 60092-501, with additional requirements from flag state authorities. + +--- + +*Document generated: 2026-05-05*